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Electricity

Electricity is an important source of energy in modern times. Electricity is used in our homes, in industry, and in transport. For example, electricity is used in our homes for lighting, operating fans, and heating purposes. In industry, electricity is used to run various types of machines, and in the transport sector electricity is being used to pull electric trains. In this chapter, we will discuss electric potential, electric current, electric power and the heating effect of electric current. In order to understand electricity, we should first know something about the electric charges. These are discussed below.


Can you imagine life without electricity? What would this city look like at night if there was no electricity?

If we bring a plastic comb near some very tiny pieces of paper, it will not have any effect on them. If, however, the comb is first rubbed with dry hair and then brought near the tiny pieces of paper, we find that the comb now attracts the pieces of paper towards itself. These observations are explained by saying that initially, the comb is electrically neutral so it has no effect on the tiny pieces of paper. When the comb is rubbed with dry hair, then it gets an electric charge. This electrically charged comb exerts an electric force on the tiny pieces of paper and attracts them. Similarly, a glass rod rubbed with silk cloth; and an ebonite rod rubbed with woolen cloth also acquire the ability to attract small pieces of paper and are said to have an electric charge.

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