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Types of Electric Charges

It has been found by experiments that there are two types of electric charges: positive charges and negative charges. By convention, the charge acquired by a glass rod (rubbed with a silk cloth) is called positive charge, and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod (rubbed with a woolen cloth) is called negative charge. An important property of electric charges is that :



(i) Opposite charges (or Unlike charges) attract each other. For example, a positive charge attracts a negative charge. 

(ii) Similar charges (or Like charges) repel each other. For example, a positive charge repels a positive charge; and a negative charge repels a negative charge.

The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb which is denoted by the letter C. We can define this unit of charge as follows: One coulomb is that quantity of electric charge which exerts a force of 9 × 109 newtons on an equal charge placed at a distance of 1 meter from it. We now know that all the matter contains positively charged particles called protons and negatively charged particles called electrons. A proton possesses a positive charge of 1.6 × 10−19 C whereas an electron possesses a negative charge of 1.6 × 10−19 C. It is obvious that the unit of electric charge called ‘coulomb’ is much bigger than the charge of a proton or an electron.


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